CBSE Class 12 Economics Sample Question Paper 2026 by Experts: Practice for Last Minute Revision

CBSE Class 12 Economics paper is scheduled for March 18, 2026 in the morning shift from 10:30 AM to 1:30 PM IST. As the exam is near the sample questions shared here by experts will help students in doing a last minute preparation for the subject. The sample paper as prepared by experts is designed as per CBSE’s most relevant paper pattern and marking scheme. The paper includes topics like Introductory Macroeconomics and Indian Economic Development, in distributed sections like objective-type questions, short-answer assessments, and long-form questions. 

Students can utilize these questions well to revise and polish their memory. Here you can also find a PDF link to access all the questions shared here and exam structure to understand the question paper before the exam. 

CBSE Class 12 Economics Exam 2026: Key Highlights 

Given here are important exam details to remember before appearing for the exams.

CBSE Class 12 Economics Question Paper Pattern 2026

While preparing for the exam students can get an overview of the CBSE Class 12 Economics question paper pattern for the year 2026 to understand the question paper well. 

Class 12 Economics Question Paper Structure 2026

Unit-Wise Weightage

CBSE Class 12 Economics Sample Paper 2026

Students can find sample questions prepared by subject matter experts from here. 

SECTION A – MACRO ECONOMICS

1. To arrive at the value of Gross Value Added at Market Price (GVAMP) ______must be added to Gross Value Added (GVA) at Basic Prices. (Choose the correct option to fill up the blank)

A. Product Taxes 

B. Net Product Taxes

C. Production Taxes 

D. Net Production Taxes

2. As per the data presented in the Union Budget 2023-24, the total receipts of the government other than borrowings and the total expenditure are estimated at ₹ 27.2 lakh crore and ₹ 45 lakh crore respectively. The value of the ________ deficit would be ₹ 17.8 lakh crore.

(Choose the correct option to fill up the blank)

A. revenue 

B. fiscal

C. budgetary 

D. primary

3. In a two-sector economy, Aggregate Demand can be determined by adding ______. (Choose the correct option to fill up the blank)

A. Autonomous Consumption, Induced Consumption and Induced Investment

B. Autonomous Consumption, Autonomous Investment and Induced Investment

C. Autonomous Consumption and Autonomous Investment

D. Autonomous Consumption, Induced Consumption and Autonomous Investment

4. Read the following statements carefully:

Statement 1: Final Goods do not undergo any further transformation at the hands of any producer.

Statement 2: Final goods may get transformed during their consumption by the ultimate purchaser. In light of the given statements, choose the correct option from the following:

A. Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false.

B. Statement 1 is false and Statement 2 is true.

C. Both Statements 1 and 2 are true.

D. Both Statements 1 and 2 are false.

5. (I) ‘Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI) witnessed a sharp turnaround during 2023-24 with net FPI inflows of US$ 32.4 billion.’ In which sub-account and on which side of the Balance of Payments account the above transaction will be recorded? Give reasons in support of your answer.

(II) State the meaning of ‘Balance of Payments Deficit’.

6. Reserve Bank of India (RBI) was established in the year _____. (Choose the correct option to fill up the blank) 

A. 1934 

B. 1935 

C. 1936 

D. 1937

6. Read the following text carefully:

As societies developed from hunters and gatherers, the material needs of human beings increased – to build a house, wear clothes, make weapons and implements etc. Since these needs could not be produced individually, people had to purchase them from others. These purchases, for example, were paid initially by barter – a leather skin cloak for a spear. As barter had its limits – how many cloaks for a spear – barter got standardized in terms of metals or cowrie shells. Now people knew the value of both the cloak and the spear in terms of bronze or cowrie shells. This was still barter, as both bronze and shells had intrinsic value (shells were desired for their beauty). This system evolved over time into metal currencies. Gold and silver coinage were the offshoot of this system where they had features of barter (both gold and silver had intrinsic value) as well as money (they were standardized representation of value). In respect of money two facts emerge historically: 

• Money has taken the form of either commodities (which have intrinsic value) or in terms of debt instruments

• Money is usually issued by a sovereign (or a Central Bank as its representative). 

In modern economies, currency is a form of money that is issued exclusively by some competent authority (Central Bank). It is a liability of the issuing Central Bank and an asset of the holding public. Currency is usually issued in paper (or polymer) form, but the form of currency is not its defining characteristic. In the recent past, the Reserve Bank of India, issued Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC). A CBDC is the currency issued by a central bank in a digital form. It serves all the purposes of a paper currency in a different form. The introduction of CBDC has the potential to provide significant benefits, such as reduced dependency on cash, lower transaction costs, reduced settlement risk. Introduction of CBDC would possibly lead to a more robust, efficient, trusted, regulated payments option. There are associated risks such as cyber-attacks and technology preparedness, but they need to be carefully evaluated against the potential benefits.

7. On the basis of the given text and common understanding, answer the following questions:

(I) “Over the centuries, money has evolved in various forms.” In the light of the given statement, state and discuss briefly any two forms of money.

(II) “Various economists have formed a strong opinion that, in the modern times digital currency (like CBDC) is quite essential. However, it comes with its own benefits and potential risks.”Do you agree with the given statement, giving valid arguments in support of your answer.

8. “The statutory requirement of the Reserve Ratio (RR) acts as a limit to the amount of credit that banks can create.” Justify the given statement with the valid explanation. 

OR 

“The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) provides several banking services to the Government.” Do you agree with the given statement? Give a valid explanation in support of your answer.

9. Identify, which of the following statement is incorrect about the financial sector reform introduced in 1991? (Choose the correct option) 

A. Enabled the establishment of private sector banks, Indian as well as foreign 

B. Foreign investment limit in banks was raised to around 74% 

C. Foreign Institutional Investors were allowed to invest in Indian financial markets 

D. Change in the role of the Reserve Bank of India from facilitator to regulator.

10. The population explosion and advent of Industrial Revolution led to the ____. (Choose the correct option to fill up the blank) 

A. reversal of supply-demand relationship of environmental resources 

B. decrease in demand for environmental resources 

C. decrease in the average temperature of the earth’s lower atmosphere 

D. increase in the environmental quality

11. During the period 1951-2016, __________ led to an increase in the milk production in India by about ten times. (Choose the correct option to fill up the blank) 

A. Green Revolution 

B. Golden Revolution 

C. Operation Flood 

D. Industrial Revolution

SECTION B – INDIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

12. Read the following text carefully: 

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, asserts that education is fundamental for achieving full human potential, providing universal access to quality education and leadership on the global stage in terms of economic growth, social justice and equality. Thus, it presents the best way forward for developing and optimising India’s resources. 

To attain the goals of education, NEP 2020 unequivocally endorses a substantial increase in public investment in education by both the Central government and all State governments. This is considered extremely critical for achieving the high-quality and equitable public education system that is truly needed for India's future progress and growth. To achieve this, they need to 

increase the public investment in Education sector to reach 6% of GDP at the earliest. One of the primary goals of the schooling system must be to ensure that children are enrolled in and are attending school. As per the 75th round household survey by NSSO in 2017-18, the number of out of school children in the age group of 6 to 17 years is 3.22 crore. With a goal to achieve 100% Gross Enrolment Ratio in preschool to secondary level by 2030, it will be a top priority to bring these children back into the educational fold as early as possible, and to prevent further students from dropping out. For the same, two initiatives that will be undertaken are to provide: 

• effective and sufficient infrastructure, so that all students have access to safe and engaging school education at all levels from pre-primary school to Grade 12. 

• regular trained teachers at each stage, special care shall be taken to ensure that no school remains deficient on infrastructure support.

On the basis of the given text and common understanding, answer the following questions: 

(I) “Education is considered fundamental for achieving full human potential”. Justify the given statement with valid arguments. 

(II) Discuss the importance of increasing public expenditure in education. 

(III) State any two main initiatives that may be implemented to tackle school dropouts and avert additional students from leaving school.

13. ‘The reform process implemented in the late 1970s, commonly known as China’s open door policy, encompassed a wide range of reforms across sectors like agriculture, investment, industry etc. These reforms played a pivotal role in driving the rapid growth of the Chinese economy over subsequent decades.’

In the light of the given text, discuss any two reforms responsible for the rapid economic growth of China.

14. ‘Under the Delhi Declaration, the G-20 nations pledged to reach global net zero emissions approximately by mid-century and to triple global renewable energy capacity by 2030.’ Discuss briefly the rationale behind the commitment by G-20 nations in the direction of achieving sustainable development. 

OR 

15. ‘It would be unclear to say that, the growth of human capital lays the ground for economic growth of a nation.’ Do you agree with the given statement? Support your answer with valid illustrations.

CBSE Class 12 Economics Sample Paper 2026: Download PDF

Students can access the complete questions from the PDF shared in the table. Save it to start practicing and for a quick revision of the subject before the exam.