What is A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2 in IELTS? CEFR Levels Explained

If we talk about individuals who plan to study abroad, work abroad, or even seek migration opportunities, proficiency in the English language has been a major determiner in such cases. IELTS is one of the most trusted language tests around the world. In this scenario, individuals tend to get confused when they face words like A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, and C2 in IELTS with IELTS band scores.

The definitions of these words are based on the different levels of the IELTS examination that correspond with the "CEFR." The "CEFR" is a standard method for measuring language skills

This article discusses CEFR levels, how IELTS band scores compare to CEFR levels, and their applications in education, employment, and immigration.

What Is A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2 in IELTS?

The A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, and C2 in IELTS system are based on the CEFR framework. CEFR stands for the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. It is a global standard used to measure English language skills clearly and fairly.

However, IELTS does not award any CEFR levels. Rather, the CEFR levels are mapped to the IELTS band scores. This would allow the universities, employers, and visa authorities to understand the level of English of the candidates easily. This would enhance the transparency of the English proficiency levels in IELTS.

The CEFR system divides English ability into six levels, starting from basic knowledge to expert-level fluency. These levels help explain what a person can understand, speak, read, and write in English.

Each level represents real-life language ability, not just exam performance. This is why understanding your CEFR level is just as important as knowing your IELTS band score.

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What is CEFR and How IELTS CEFR Levels Work?

CEFR is a well-structured framework created to describe language ability in daily life situations. The CEFR scale IELTS is accepted by governments, universities, and companies worldwide.

CEFR divides English proficiency into three main categories:

• A1 and A2 are Basic Users

• B1 and B2 are Independent Users

• C1 and C2 are Proficient Users

Each category shows how confidently a person can use English in real situations. IELTS band scores are matched with these CEFR levels to make the results easier to understand.

Below is IELTS band score chart that shows the relationship between IELTS scores and CEFR levels.

This IELTS band score vs CEFR mapping is approximate. Different universities or immigration offices may set their own requirements, so candidates should always check official guidelines.

What is A1 Level English in IELTS?

A1 is at the bottom of the IELTS chart of levels. If the score of the candidate in the IELTS test ranges from 2.0 to 2.5, the student falls at the A1 level.

In this stage, a person can comprehend and use very simple words and expressions. Communication is slow and limited. Difficulty may be experienced in forming sentences.

A person who has A1 level proficiency can introduce himself or herself, ask questions, and understand simple instructions. But he or she would be unable to hold a conversation, except for greetings.

A1 level in speaking English can only be accepted under limited circumstances such as spouse immigration plans in some nations. It is not appropriate for the purposes of study, employment, or skilled migration visas.

What is A2 Level English in IELTS?

A2 level comes after A1. At this level, the abilities are slightly stronger. IELTS band scores between 3.0 and 3.5 usually lie in this category.

A person can understand short sentences regarding day-to-day activities like shopping, routine, or information about families when they are at A2 level. Simple communication can be done, and fluency starts growing at this stage.

Grammar and vocabulary skills are restricted, and grammatical errors are made. Nevertheless, the speaker is able to participate in basic conversations if the listener speaks slowly.

For example, A2 level English may be adequate for some low-skilled jobs or short courses. However, for all universities and immigration authorities, at least B1 is required.

What is B1 Level English in IELTS?

B1 level English usually matches IELTS band scores between 4.0 and 5.0. This level shows that a person can handle everyday conversations with some confidence.

At B1 level, the candidates can describe an experience, explain an opinion, and understand the general idea in a conversation. They can conduct a travel-related conversation with little difficulty.

However, the grammar may still be complicated, the vocabulary may be rich, and the conversations may be lengthy. In addition, fluency is improving.

B1 level is an essential level of English proficiency because, at a bare minimum, B1 is required for citizenship in the UK, selected vocational or diploma courses, and entry-level jobs.

What is B2 Level English in IELTS?

B2 level English is one of the most important levels for students and professionals. It usually matches IELTS scores from 5.5 to 6.5.

At B2 level, a person can understand complex texts, take part in detailed discussions, and express ideas clearly. Communication with native speakers becomes easier and more natural.

Writing skills also improve at this level. Candidates can write essays, reports, and formal letters with reasonable accuracy.

B2 level English is widely accepted for undergraduate courses, professional jobs, and permanent residency applications in countries like Canada, Australia, and the UK.

What is C1 Level English in IELTS?

C1 level English usually matches IELTS band scores between 7.0 and 8.0. This level shows advanced understanding and confident use of English.

At C1 level, candidates can express ideas clearly and fluently without much effort. They can understand complex academic and professional content easily.

Grammar usage is accurate, vocabulary is wide, and writing is well-structured. This level is suitable for professional environments where English accuracy matters.

C1 level English is commonly required for postgraduate studies, skilled jobs, and roles in research, education, and corporate communication.

What is C2 Level English in IELTS?

C2 is the highest level in the CEFR levels explained system. IELTS scores between 8.5 and 9.0 fall under this category.

At C2 level, a person can understand almost everything they hear or read. They can express themselves naturally, accurately, and confidently in all situations.

Language use at this level is close to that of a native speaker. Writing, speaking, and comprehension skills are highly advanced.

C2 level English is suitable for university professors, researchers, authors, and professionals working in top international roles.